To be a better informed hockey mom or dad, you might be interested in learning more about the game.  To help, here is a glossary of hockey terms, including penalty calls.   
Assist—An “assist” is credited in the scoring records to the offensive player that is involved in the play immediately preceding a goal.  There are no more than two assists per goal.   
Back Check—The action of the of forwards skating back into their defensive zone to break up the opposing team’s offensive play.  
Body Check—Using the body against an opponent who has possession of the puck to break up an offensive play.   
Breakaway—When there are no defending players between the puck carrier and the opposing goalkeeper.   
Breakout—Movement of a team in possession of the puck out of its defensive zone.  
Changing of the Fly—Substitution of players while the clock is running.  
Clearing the Puck—Shooting the puck out of the defensive zone or away from the front of the goal. 
Delayed Penalty—A team shall not be shorthanded on the ice more that two players at any on team because of imposed penalties.  Therefore, should a team receive a third penalty, that penalty is delayed until one on the preceding penalties has terminated.   
Delayed Whistle—when a violation occurs, the official will not blow the whistle to stop play as long as the non-offending team maintains possession of the puck.  The moment the offending team touches the puck, play will be stopped.   
Face-Off—The dropping of the puck between two opposing players to start play.   
Forechecking—Attempting to break up an opponent’s offensive play outside the defensive zone.  
Freezing the Puck—Holding the puck against the boards with the sticks or skate in order to stop play.  
Goal Crease—the area marked off in front of the goal.  An offensive player nay not enter the crease unless the puck is already inside this area.  
Goal Judge—An off-ice official who sits behind the goal outside the boards, and determines if the puck enters the goal.  Should there be a difference of opinion, the referee will have the final decision. 
Hat Trick—When one player scores three goals in a game.   
Icing—When both teams have an equal number of players on the ice, a team may not shoot the puck from behind the center red line over their opponent’s goal line (except if the puck goes into the goal).  
Minor Officials—More properly referred to a “off-ice officials.”  Includes the goal judges, game times, penalty timer, and official scorer.  Not all positions are used in youth games.   
Off-Side—When an offensive player precedes the puck across the blue line into the offensive zone.   
Off-Side Pass—The puck may not be passed from a team’s defensive zone to a player of the same team who is beyond the center red line (applies only to Junior B and above).